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Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning is a two-volume book by the mathematician George Pólya describing various methods for being a good guesser of new mathematical results. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In the Preface to Volume 1 of the book Pólya exhorts all interested students of mathematics thus: "Certainly, let us learn proving, but also let us learn guessing."
A mathematical proof is a deductive argument for a ... not a form of inductive reasoning. In proof by mathematical ... Richard (2018), Book of Proof, ...
Proofs That Really Count: the Art of Combinatorial Proof is an undergraduate-level mathematics book on combinatorial proofs of mathematical identies.That is, it concerns equations between two integer-valued formulas, shown to be equal either by showing that both sides of the equation count the same type of mathematical objects, or by finding a one-to-one correspondence between the different ...
The Elements (Ancient Greek: Στοιχεῖα Stoikheîa) is a mathematical treatise consisting of 13 books attributed to the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid c. 300 BC. It is a collection of definitions, postulates, propositions (theorems and constructions), and mathematical proofs of the propositions.
An early occurrence of proof by contradiction can be found in Euclid's Elements, Book 1, Proposition 6: [7] If in a triangle two angles equal one another, then the sides opposite the equal angles also equal one another. The proof proceeds by assuming that the opposite sides are not equal, and derives a contradiction.
The Handbook of Mathematical Logic [1] in 1977 makes a rough division of contemporary mathematical logic into four areas: . set theory; model theory; recursion theory, and; proof theory and constructive mathematics (considered as parts of a single area).
99 Variations on a Proof is a mathematics book by Philip Ording, in which he proves the same result in 99 different ways. Ording takes an example of a cubic equation , x 3 − 6 x 2 + 11 x − 6 = 2 x − 2 , {\displaystyle x^{3}-6x^{2}+11x-6=2x-2,} and shows that its solutions are x = 1 {\displaystyle x=1} and x = 4 {\displaystyle x=4} using a ...
Introduction to Meta-Mathematics (Tenth impression 1991 ed.). Amsterdam NY: North-Holland Pub. Co. ISBN 0-7204-2103-9. In Chapter III A Critique of Mathematic Reasoning, §11. The paradoxes, Kleene discusses Intuitionism and Formalism in depth. Throughout the rest of the book he treats, and compares, both Formalist (classical) and Intuitionist ...