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  2. Berkeley sockets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_sockets

    Berkeley sockets originated with the 4.2BSD Unix operating system, released in 1983, as a programming interface.Not until 1989, however, could the University of California, Berkeley release versions of the operating system and networking library free from the licensing constraints of AT&T Corporation's proprietary Unix.

  3. List of TCP and UDP port numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port...

    This is a list of TCP and UDP port numbers used by protocols for operation of network applications. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) only need one port for bidirectional traffic. TCP usually uses port numbers that match the services of the corresponding UDP implementations, if they exist, and vice versa.

  4. Network socket - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_socket

    A network socket is a software structure within a network node of a computer network that serves as an endpoint for sending and receiving data across the network. The structure and properties of a socket are defined by an application programming interface (API) for the networking architecture.

  5. Out-of-band data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-band_data

    On Unix-like computers, out-of-band data can be read with the recv() system call. A process or process group can be configured to receive SIGURG signals when out-of-band data is available for reading on a socket, by using the F_SETOWN command of the fcntl() system call.

  6. Transmission Control Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol

    If the SYN flag is unset (0), then this is the accumulated sequence number of the first data byte of this segment for the current session. Acknowledgment Number: 32 bits If the ACK flag is set then the value of this field is the next sequence number that the sender of the ACK is expecting. This acknowledges receipt of all prior bytes (if any). [19]

  7. List of IP protocol numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IP_protocol_numbers

    This is a list of the IP protocol numbers found in the field Protocol of the IPv4 header and the Next Header field of the IPv6 header. It is an identifier for the encapsulated protocol and determines the layout of the data that immediately follows the header. Both fields are eight bits wide.

  8. List of FTP server return codes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_FTP_server_return...

    Below is a list of all known return codes that may be issued by an FTP server. ... Requested file action successful (for example, file transfer or file abort). 227:

  9. Sentinel value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentinel_value

    In computer programming, a sentinel value (also referred to as a flag value, trip value, rogue value, signal value, or dummy data) is a special value in the context of an algorithm which uses its presence as a condition of termination, typically in a loop or recursive algorithm.