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The Battle of the Atlantic has been called the "longest, largest, and most complex" naval battle in history. [18] The campaign started immediately after the European war began, during the so-called " Phoney War ", and lasted more than five years, until the German surrender in May 1945.
The Battle of the Atlantic by John Costello and Terry Hughes (1977, Collins, London) OCLC 464381083; Barone, João (2013) 1942: O Brasil e sua guerra quase desconhecida (1942: Brazil and its almost forgotten war) (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro, ISBN 8520933947; Donald A Bertke, Gordon Smith & Don Kinde.World War II Sea War, Vol 5.
Battle of the Atlantic – the name given to the conflict in the Atlantic Ocean between 1939 and 1945. see also Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic; Battle of the Mediterranean; Battle of the Indian Ocean; Specific. 1940. First Battle of Narvik; Second Battle of Narvik; 1941. Battle of Cape Matapan; Battle of Pearl Harbor; 1942. Battle of ...
From domineering defenses to brawls and quarterback havoc, an undefeated battle between Atlantic (4-1) and Cardinal Newman (4-0) had it all.
The Atlantic campaign was a tonnage war; the UBW needed to sink ships faster than they could be replaced to win, and needed to build more U-boats than were lost in order not to lose. Before May 1943, the UBW was not winning; even in their worst months, the majority of convoys arrived without being attacked, while even in those that were ...
The Second Happy Time (German: Zweite glückliche Zeit; officially Operation Paukenschlag ("Operation Drumbeat"), and also known among German submarine commanders as the "American Shooting Season" [1]) was a phase in the Battle of the Atlantic during which Axis submarines attacked merchant shipping and Allied naval vessels along the east coast of North America.
A U-boat shells a merchant ship which has remained afloat after being torpedoed. The early phase of the Battle of the Atlantic during which German Navy U-boats enjoyed significant success against the British Royal Navy and its Allies was referred to by U-boat crews as "the Happy Time" ("Die Glückliche Zeit"), [1] and later the First Happy Time, after a second successful period was encountered.
Dönitz was the main enemy of Allied naval forces in the Battle of the Atlantic. From 1939 to 1943 the U-boats fought effectively but lost the initiative from May 1943. Dönitz ordered his submarines into battle until 1945 to relieve the pressure on other branches of the Wehrmacht (armed forces). [5] 648 U-boats were lost—429 with no survivors.