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When seen from below by a predator, the animal's light helps to match its brightness and colour to the sea surface above. Counter-illumination is a method of active camouflage seen in marine animals such as firefly squid and midshipman fish , and in military prototypes, producing light to match their backgrounds in both brightness and wavelength.
The resulting scene, which is apparently dark to a human observer, appears as a monochrome image on a normal display device. [15] Because active infrared night-vision systems can incorporate illuminators that produce high levels of infrared light, the resulting images are typically higher resolution than other night-vision technologies.
Photophores on fish are used for attracting food or for camouflage from predators by counter-illumination. [ citation needed ] Photophores are found on some cephalopods including the firefly squid , which can create impressive light displays, as well as numerous other deep sea organisms, such as the pocket shark Mollisquama mississippiensis and ...
Predators need not locate their host directly: Kestrels, for instance, are able to detect the faeces and urine of their prey (which reflect ultraviolet), allowing them to identify areas where there are large numbers of voles, for example. This adaptation is essential in prey detection, as voles are quick to hide from such predators.
An additional constraint in the special case of the "dark forest" is the scarcity of vital resources. [9] The "dark forest" can be considered an extensive-form game with each "player" possessing the following possible actions: destroy another civilization known to the player; broadcast and alert other civilizations of one's existence; or do ...
Some predators, like the leopard, and some potential prey like the Egyptian nightjar, use disruptive patterns. [4] Disruptive patterns are defined by A. Barbosa and colleagues as "characterized by high-contrast light and dark patches, in a nonrepetitive configuration, that also provide camouflage by disrupting the recognizable shape or ...
Most social media apps have added dark mode to make late-night browsing easier. While Instagram doesn’t have an in-app dark mode option, it syncs to your phone’s dark mode — you can read ...
Steven Haddock et al. (2010) list as more or less definite functions in marine organisms the following: defensive functions of startle, counterillumination (camouflage), misdirection (smoke screen), distractive body parts, burglar alarm (making predators easier for higher predators to see), and warning to deter settlers; offensive functions of ...