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Differentiation of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder: DSM-5 added a specifier to distinguish between vocal and motor tics that are chronic. This distinction was added because higher rates of comorbid diagnoses are present with vocal tics relative to motor tics.
[1] [5] [6] Treatment of TIC can involve treating the heart failure as well as the tachycardia or arrhythmia. [1] TIC has a good prognosis with treatment, with most people recovering some to all of their heart function. [1] The number of cases that occur is unclear. [5] TIC has been reported in all age groups. [6]
Knowledge, education and understanding are uppermost in management plans for tic disorders, [6] and psychoeducation is the first step. [14] [15] A child's parents are typically the first to notice their tics; [16] they may feel worried, imagine that they are somehow responsible, or feel burdened by misinformation about Tourette's. [14]
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN or TGN), also called Fothergill disease, tic douloureux, trifacial neuralgia, is a long-term pain disorder that affects the trigeminal nerve, [6] [1] the nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing.
Tic disorders (involuntary, compulsive, repetitive, stereotyped) F95 Tourette's syndrome: F95.2 Stereotypic movement disorder: F98.5 Huntington's disease (Huntington's chorea) 333.4 G10 Dystonia: G24 Drug induced dystonia: G24.0 Idiopathic familial dystonia 333.6 G24.1 Idiopathic nonfamilial dystonia 333.7 G24.2 Spasmodic torticollis: 333.83 G24.3
Others are comfortable using them and even advocate for a stimulant trial when ADHD co-occurs with tics, because the symptoms of ADHD can be more impairing than tics. [266] [270] The stimulants are the first line of treatment for ADHD, with proven efficacy, but they do fail in up to 20% of cases, even in patients without tic disorders. [271]
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Motor tics are movement-based tics affecting discrete muscle groups. [4]Phonic tics are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. They may be alternately referred to as verbal tics or vocal tics, but most diagnosticians prefer the term phonic tics to reflect the notion that the vocal cords are not involved in all tics that produce sound.