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Tadpole pupil is diagnosed and characterized by the abnormality of the pupil shape. The pupil can disorient itself in different ways before it returns to its original shape. [ 6 ] For example, the pupil may stretch out to a 7 o'clock position, [ 6 ] i.e. the pupil points in the same direction the hour hand on a clock would at 7 o'clock.
Dilation of the pupil in an eye with synechia can cause the pupil to take an irregular, non-circular shape (dyscoria) as shown in the photograph. If the pupil can be fully dilated during the treatment of iritis, the prognosis for recovery from synechia is good. This is a treatable status. To subdue inflammation, topical corticosteroids can be used.
Anisocoria is a common condition, defined by a diameter difference of 0.4 mm or more between the sizes of the pupils of the eyes. [2] Anisocoria has various causes: [3] Physiological anisocoria: About 20% of the population has a slight
An eye chart is a chart used to measure visual acuity comprising lines of optotypes in ranges of sizes. Optotypes are the letters or symbols shown on an eye chart. [ 1 ] Eye charts are often used by health care professionals, such as optometrists , physicians and nurses , to screen persons for vision impairment .
Argyll Robertson pupils (AR pupils) are bilateral small pupils that reduce in size on a near object (i.e., they accommodate), but do not constrict when exposed to bright light (i.e., they do not react). They are a highly specific sign of neurosyphilis; however, Argyll Robertson pupils may also be a sign of diabetic neuropathy.
Both 0 and 180 degrees lie on a horizontal line at the level of the center of the pupil, and as seen by an observer, 0 lies on the right of both the eyes. [ medical citation needed ] Irregular astigmatism, which is often associated with prior ocular surgery or trauma, is also a common naturally occurring condition.
In brighter conditions, the pupil constricts, blocking the more peripheral rays and minimizing the effect of spherical aberration. As the pupil enlarges, more peripheral rays enter the eye and the focus shifts anteriorly, making the patient slightly more myopic in low-light conditions.
To be considered true polycoria the extra pupil and the principal pupil must dilate and contract simultaneously with triggers such as light and administered drugs. [8] The extraneous pupil is c. 2.5mm away from the principal pupil. In cases of true polycoria there is an intact sphincter muscle, which contracts and dilates the pupils. [7]