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The periosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, [1] except at the articular surfaces (i.e. the parts within a joint space) of long bones. (At the joints of long bones the bone's outer surface is lined with "articular cartilage", a type of hyaline cartilage .)
The epiphyseal plate, epiphysial plate, physis, or growth plate is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone.It is the part of a long bone where new bone growth takes place; that is, the whole bone is alive, with maintenance remodeling throughout its existing bone tissue, but the growth plate is the place where the long bone grows longer (adds length).
This is covered by a membrane of connective tissue called the periosteum. Beneath the cortical bone layer is a layer of spongy cancellous bone. Inside this is the medullary cavity which has an inner core of bone marrow, it contains nutrients and help in formation of cells, made up of yellow marrow in the adult and red marrow in the child.
an inner (synovial membrane, synovial stratum) which is a secreting layer; On the inside of the capsule, articular cartilage covers the end surfaces of the bones that articulate within that joint. The outer layer is highly innervated by the same nerves which perforate through the adjacent muscles associated with the joint.
This is a list of human anatomy mnemonics, categorized and alphabetized.For mnemonics in other medical specialties, see this list of medical mnemonics.Mnemonics serve as a systematic method for remembrance of functionally or systemically related items within regions of larger fields of study, such as those found in the study of specific areas of human anatomy, such as the bones in the hand ...
In the lower leg, the tibia and fibula are two parallel bones that complete the lower half of the knee joint. The tibia, located medially, bears most of the body's weight, while the fibula, positioned laterally, is smaller and supports leg structure. Further down the leg are the metatarsal bones, found near the distal end of the hindlimb.
The deep fascia of leg or crural fascia forms a complete investment to the muscles, and is fused with the periosteum over the subcutaneous surfaces of the bones.. The deep fascia of the leg is continuous above with the fascia lata (deep fascia of the thigh), and is attached around the knee to the patella, the patellar ligament, the tuberosity and condyles of the tibia, and the head of the fibula.
[1] [2] This endosteal surface is usually resorbed during long periods of malnutrition, resulting in less cortical thickness. [3] The outer surface of a bone is lined by a thin layer of connective tissue that is very similar in morphology and function to endosteum. It is called the periosteum, or the periosteal surface.