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Dinka has a rich vowel system, with thirteen phonemically contrastive short vowels. There are seven vowel qualities plus a two-way distinction in phonation. The underdots, [ ̤], mark the breathy voice series, represented in Dinka orthography by diaereses, ̈ . Unmarked vowels are modal or creaky voiced.
The Dinka alphabet is used by South Sudanese Dinka people. The written Dinka language is based on the ISO basic Latin alphabet, but with some added letters adapted from the International Phonetic Alphabet. The current orthography is derived from the alphabet developed for the southern Sudanese languages at the Rejaf language conference in 1928. [1]
In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived length of a vowel sound: the corresponding physical measurement is duration.In some languages vowel length is an important phonemic factor, meaning vowel length can change the meaning of the word, for example in Arabic, Czech, Dravidian languages (such as Tamil), some Finno-Ugric languages (such as Finnish and Estonian), Japanese, Kyrgyz, Samoan ...
In many languages, the letter "ö", or the "o" modified with an umlaut, is used to denote the close-or open-mid front rounded vowels ⓘ or ⓘ. In languages without such vowels, the character is known as an " o with diaeresis " and denotes a syllable break, wherein its pronunciation remains an unmodified [ o ] .
The Bor dialect of Dinka has contrastive modal, breathy, faucalized, and harsh voice in its vowels, as well as three tones. The ad hoc diacritics employed in the literature are a subscript double quotation mark for faucalized voice, [a͈] , and underlining for harsh voice, [a̠] . [ 11 ]
Reid (2010) finds seven vowel phonemes, considering voice quality and vowel length as suprasegmental distinctions. [6] Vowels have two voice qualities ( modal and breathy ) [ 7 ] and three lengths (short, long, and overlong ).
This chart provides audio examples for phonetic vowel symbols. The symbols shown include those in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and added material. The chart is based on the official IPA vowel chart. [1] The International Phonetic Alphabet is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet.
Dholuo has two sets of five vowels, distinguished by the feature ... [Dinka], "keny" is the process, "thiek" is the marriage marry kendo tomorrow kiny today