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A variational autoencoder is a generative model with a prior and noise distribution respectively. Usually such models are trained using the expectation-maximization meta-algorithm (e.g. probabilistic PCA , (spike & slab) sparse coding).
An autoencoder is a type of artificial neural network used to learn efficient codings of unlabeled data (unsupervised learning).An autoencoder learns two functions: an encoding function that transforms the input data, and a decoding function that recreates the input data from the encoded representation.
Because free energy can be expressed as the expected energy of observations under the variational density minus its entropy, it is also related to the maximum entropy principle. [19] Finally, because the time average of energy is action, the principle of minimum variational free energy is a principle of least action. Active inference allowing ...
This is a problem in the calculus of variations, thus it is called the variational method. Since there are not many explicitly parametrized distribution families (all the classical distribution families, such as the normal distribution, the Gumbel distribution, etc, are far too simplistic to model the true distribution), we consider implicitly ...
In statistics, econometrics, and signal processing, an autoregressive (AR) model is a representation of a type of random process; as such, it can be used to describe certain time-varying processes in nature, economics, behavior, etc.
The regularization parameter plays a critical role in the denoising process. When =, there is no smoothing and the result is the same as minimizing the sum of squares.As , however, the total variation term plays an increasingly strong role, which forces the result to have smaller total variation, at the expense of being less like the input (noisy) signal.
Variational Bayesian methods are a family of techniques for approximating intractable integrals arising in Bayesian inference and machine learning.They are typically used in complex statistical models consisting of observed variables (usually termed "data") as well as unknown parameters and latent variables, with various sorts of relationships among the three types of random variables, as ...
The on-line textbook: Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms, by David J.C. MacKay includes simple examples of the EM algorithm such as clustering using the soft k-means algorithm, and emphasizes the variational view of the EM algorithm, as described in Chapter 33.7 of version 7.2 (fourth edition).