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These can be classified in various ways, such as by time or cause. Failures can be caused by excess temperature, excess current or voltage, ionizing radiation, mechanical shock, stress or impact, and many other causes. In semiconductor devices, problems in the device package may cause failures due to contamination, mechanical stress of the ...
The Smart Battery System defines the SMBus connection, the data that can be sent over the connection (Smart Battery Data or SBD), the Smart Battery Charger, and a computer BIOS interface for control. In principle, any battery operated product can use SBS. Texas Instruments BQ20Z45: SBS 1.1-compliant gas gauge and protection enabled with ...
An intelligent charger may monitor the battery's voltage, temperature or charge time to determine the optimum charge current or terminate charging. For Ni–Cd and Ni–MH batteries , the voltage of the battery increases slowly during the charging process, until the battery is fully charged.
By way of example, a 150 volt PV array connected to an MPPT charge controller can be used to charge a 24 or 48 volt battery. Higher array voltage means lower array current, so the savings in wiring costs can more than pay for the controller. [citation needed] Charge controllers may also monitor battery temperature to prevent overheating.
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Computer cooling is required to remove the waste heat produced by computer components, to keep components within permissible operating temperature limits. Components that are susceptible to temporary malfunction or permanent failure if overheated include integrated circuits such as central processing units (CPUs), chipsets , graphics cards ...
When overheating, the temperature of the part rises above the operating temperature. Overheating can take place: if heat is produced in more than expected amount (such as in cases of short-circuits, or applying more voltage than rated), or; if heat dissipation is poor, so that normally produced waste heat does not drain away properly.
The Samsung Series 7 Chronos was introduced in late 2011. [26] It was later changed into Samsung Ativ Book 8 and Book 7. The Samsung Notebook 7 Spin is a 2-in-1 notebook with a 13-inch and 15-inch touchscreen and Intel Core i5 and i7 processors that were introduced in 2016. [27] In 2019, a new Notebook 7 and Notebook 7 Force models were ...