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  2. Neutral stimulus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral_stimulus

    Ivan Pavlov conducted multiple experiments investigating digestion in dogs in which neutral, unconditioned, and conditioned stimuli were used. In these experiments, the neutral stimulus was the sound of a bell ringing. This sound was presented to the dogs along with food, which acted as an unconditioned stimulus.

  3. Classical conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_conditioning

    Classical conditioning occurs when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US). Usually, the conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus (e.g., the sound of a tuning fork), the unconditioned stimulus is biologically potent (e.g., the taste of food) and the unconditioned response (UR) to the unconditioned stimulus is an unlearned reflex response (e.g., salivation).

  4. List of experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_experiments

    One of Pavlov's dogs with a surgically implanted cannula to measure salivation, Pavlov Museum, 2005. Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs and classical conditioning (1900s) John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner conduct the Little Albert experiment showing evidence of classical conditioning (1920)

  5. History of animal testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_animal_testing

    One of Pavlov’s dogs with a saliva-catch container and tube surgically implanted in its muzzle, Pavlov Museum, 2005. The history of animal testing goes back to the writings of the Ancient Greeks in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, with Aristotle (384–322 BCE) and Erasistratus (304–258 BCE) one of the first documented to perform experiments on nonhuman animals. [1]

  6. Ivan Pavlov - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov

    Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (Russian: Иван Петрович Павлов, IPA: [ɪˈvan pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ ˈpavləf] ⓘ; 26 September [O.S. 14 September] 1849 – 27 February 1936) [2] was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs.

  7. Experimental psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_psychology

    Ivan Pavlov. The behavioristic approach to psychology reached its peak of popularity in the mid-twentieth century but still underlies much experimental research and clinical application. Its founders include such figures as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner. Pavlov's experimental study of the digestive system in dogs led to ...

  8. Pavlov's typology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavlov's_typology

    Pavlov's typology of higher nervous activity was the first systematic approach to the psychophysiology of individual differences. Ivan Pavlov's ideas of nervous system typology came from work with his dogs and his realization of individual differences. His observations of the dogs led to the idea of excitation and inhibition in the nervous ...

  9. Georgii Zeliony - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgii_Zeliony

    Experiments conducted by M. Pawlow and his pupils add confirmation to the view that “all physiological phenomena may be completely studied as if psychical phenomena had no existence.” [3] Direct excitation of the mouth cavity of a dog produces an “unconditional” reflex secretion of the saliva. In case the exciting substance is something ...