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  2. For loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_loop

    The loop counter is used to decide when the loop should terminate and for the program flow to continue to the next instruction after the loop. A common identifier naming convention is for the loop counter to use the variable names i, j, and k (and so on if needed), where i would be the most outer loop, j the next inner loop, etc. The reverse ...

  3. Memoization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoization

    function factorial (n is a non-negative integer) if n is 0 then return 1 [by the convention that 0! = 1] else if n is in lookup-table then return lookup-table-value-for-n else let x = factorial(n – 1) times n [recursively invoke factorial with the parameter 1 less than n] store x in lookup-table in the n th slot [remember the result of n! for ...

  4. Factorial code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial_code

    To create factorial codes, Horace Barlow and co-workers suggested to minimize the sum of the bit entropies of the code components of binary codes (1989). Jürgen Schmidhuber (1992) re-formulated the problem in terms of predictors and binary feature detectors , each receiving the raw data as an input.

  5. Stirling's approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling's_approximation

    Using the Central Limit Theorem and the Poisson distribution [ edit ] An alternative version uses the fact that the Poisson distribution converges to a normal distribution by the Central Limit Theorem .

  6. While loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/While_loop

    Dim counter As Integer = 5 ' init variable and set value Dim factorial As Integer = 1 ' initialize factorial variable Do While counter > 0 factorial = factorial * counter counter = counter-1 Loop ' program goes here, until counter = 0 'Debug.Print factorial ' Console.WriteLine(factorial) in Visual Basic .NET

  7. Factorial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial

    Hindu scholars have been using factorial formulas since at least 1150, when Bhāskara II mentioned factorials in his work Līlāvatī, in connection with a problem of how many ways Vishnu could hold his four characteristic objects (a conch shell, discus, mace, and lotus flower) in his four hands, and a similar problem for a ten-handed god. [4]

  8. Factor graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_graph

    One of the important success stories of factor graphs and the sum–product algorithm is the decoding of capacity-approaching error-correcting codes, such as LDPC and turbo codes. Factor graphs generalize constraint graphs. A factor whose value is either 0 or 1 is called a constraint.

  9. Falling and rising factorials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling_and_rising_factorials

    The falling factorial can be extended to real values of using the gamma function provided and + are real numbers that are not negative integers: = (+) (+) , and so can the rising factorial: = (+) . Calculus