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The airstream mechanism is mandatory for most sound production and constitutes the first part of this process, which is called initiation. The organ generating the airstream is called the initiator and there are three initiators used phonemically in non-disordered human oral languages:
The term initiation refers to the change. Since changes in air pressures between connected cavities lead to airflow between the cavities, initiation is also referred to as an airstream mechanism . The three pistons present in the articulatory system are the larynx, the tongue body, and the physiological structures used to manipulate lung volume ...
Ingressive speech sounds are produced while the speaker breathes in, in contrast to most speech sounds, which are produced as the speaker breathes out. The air that is used to voice the speech is drawn in rather than pushed out. Ingressive speech can be glottalic, velaric, or pulmonic.
Trills involve the vibration of one of the speech organs. Since trilling is a separate parameter from stricture, the two may be combined. Increasing the stricture of a typical trill results in a trilled fricative. Trilled affricates are also known. Nasal airflow may be added as an independent parameter to any speech sound.
The production of speech is a highly complex motor task that involves approximately 100 orofacial, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and respiratory muscles. [2] [3] Precise and expeditious timing of these muscles is essential for the production of temporally complex speech sounds, which are characterized by transitions as short as 10 ms between frequency bands [4] and an average speaking rate of ...
Speech production is the process by which thoughts are translated into speech. This includes the selection of words , the organization of relevant grammatical forms, and then the articulation of the resulting sounds by the motor system using the vocal apparatus .
In phonetics, a homorganic consonant (from homo-"same" and organ "(speech) organ") is a consonant sound that is articulated in the same place of articulation as another. For example, [ p ] , [ b ] and [ m ] are homorganic consonants of one another since they share the bilabial place of articulation.
Auditory phonetics is concerned with both segmental (chiefly vowels and consonants) and prosodic (such as stress, tone, rhythm and intonation) aspects of speech.While it is possible to study the auditory perception of these phenomena without context, in continuous speech all these variables are processed in parallel with significant variability and complex interactions between them.