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Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spreading from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; [1] the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor. [2] The newly pathological sites, then, are metastases (mets).
In 2020, it was announced that Google's AlphaFold, a neural network based on DeepMind artificial intelligence, is capable of predicting a protein's final shape based solely on its amino-acid chain with an accuracy of around 90% on a test sample of proteins used by the team.
Lymph node metastasis is the spread of cancer cells into a lymph node.. Lymph node metastasis is different from malignant lymphoma.Lymphoma is a cancer of lymph node, rather than cancer in the lymph node, because lymphoma originates from the lymph node itself, instead of originating elsewhere (e.g., the breast or colon) and spreading to the lymph nodes.
The term benign in more general medical use characterizes a condition or growth that is not cancerous, i.e. does not spread to other parts of the body or invade nearby tissue. Sometimes the term is used to suggest that a condition is not dangerous or serious. [4] Malignancy in cancers is characterized by anaplasia, invasiveness, and metastasis. [5]
HeLa cells, for example, are extremely prolific and have tetraploidy 12, trisomy 6, 8, and 17, and a modal chromosome number of 82 (rather than the normal diploid number of 46). [37] Small genetic mutations are most likely what begin tumorigenesis , but once cells begin the breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle , they are able to mutate at much ...
Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...
Metastases can occur several years after the primary breast cancer, although it is sometimes diagnosed at the same time as the primary breast cancer or, rarely, before the primary breast cancer has been diagnosed. [2] Metastatic breast cancer cells frequently differ from the preceding primary breast cancer in properties such as receptor status.
Diagnostic techniques for CNS metastasis are a major area of ongoing research, as detecting metastatic lesions early is crucial for timely treatment and better patient outcomes. [ 14 ] One promising field is the use of biomarkers - proteins, genes, or other molecules associated with a specific condition.