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In mathematics, and, in particular, in graph theory, a rooted graph is a graph in which one vertex has been distinguished as the root. [1] [2] Both directed and undirected versions of rooted graphs have been studied, and there are also variant definitions that allow multiple roots. Examples of rooted graphs with some variants.
A graph is d-regular when all of its vertices have degree d. A regular graph is a graph that is d-regular for some d. regular tournament A regular tournament is a tournament where in-degree equals out-degree for all vertices. reverse See transpose. root 1. A designated vertex in a graph, particularly in directed trees and rooted graphs. 2.
In mathematics, a zero (also sometimes called a root) of a real-, complex-, or generally vector-valued function, is a member of the domain of such that () vanishes at ; that is, the function attains the value of 0 at , or equivalently, is a solution to the equation () =. [1]
Given a function: from a set X (the domain) to a set Y (the codomain), the graph of the function is the set [4] = {(, ()):}, which is a subset of the Cartesian product.In the definition of a function in terms of set theory, it is common to identify a function with its graph, although, formally, a function is formed by the triple consisting of its domain, its codomain and its graph.
The rooted product of graphs. In mathematical graph theory, the rooted product of a graph G and a rooted graph H is defined as follows: take | V(G) | copies of H, and for every vertex v i of G, identify v i with the root node of the i-th copy of H. More formally, assuming that
In mathematics and computer science, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of vertices (also called nodes or points ) which are connected by edges (also called arcs , links or lines ).
The square root of a positive integer is the product of the roots of its prime factors, because the square root of a product is the product of the square roots of the factors. Since p 2 k = p k , {\textstyle {\sqrt {p^{2k}}}=p^{k},} only roots of those primes having an odd power in the factorization are necessary.
A path graph or linear graph of order n ≥ 2 is a graph in which the vertices can be listed in an order v 1, v 2, …, v n such that the edges are the {v i, v i+1} where i = 1, 2, …, n − 1. Path graphs can be characterized as connected graphs in which the degree of all but two vertices is 2 and the degree of the two remaining vertices is 1.