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  2. Labour supply - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_supply

    From a Marxist perspective, a labour supply is a core requirement in a capitalist society.To avoid labour shortage and ensure a labour supply, a large portion of the population must not possess sources of self-provisioning, which would let them be independent—and they must instead, to survive, be compelled to sell their labour for a subsistence wage.

  3. Prior authorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prior_authorization

    After a request comes in from a qualified provider, the request will go through the prior authorization process. The process to obtain prior authorization varies from insurer to insurer but typically involves the completion and faxing of a prior authorization form; according to a 2018 report, 88% are either partially or entirely manual. [5]

  4. Means of production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Means_of_production

    In political philosophy, the means of production refers to the generally necessary assets and resources that enable a society to engage in production. [1] While the exact resources encompassed in the term may vary, it is widely agreed to include the classical factors of production (land, labour, and capital) as well as the general infrastructure and capital goods necessary to reproduce stable ...

  5. Say's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say's_law

    The quarter of the labor force that was unemployed constituted a supply of labor for which the demand predicted by Say's law did not exist. John Maynard Keynes argued in 1936 that Say's law is simply not true, and that demand, rather than supply, is the key variable that determines the overall level of economic activity.

  6. Utilization management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilization_management

    Utilization management is "a set of techniques used by or on behalf of purchasers of health care benefits to manage health care costs by influencing patient care decision-making through case-by-case assessments of the appropriateness of care prior to its provision," as defined by the Institute of Medicine [1] Committee on Utilization Management by Third Parties (1989; IOM is now the National ...

  7. Labor theory of value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_theory_of_value

    However, production not only involves labor, but also certain means of labor: tools, materials, power plants and so on. These means of laboralso known as means of production—are often the product of another labor process as well. So the labor process inevitably involves these means of production that already enter the process with a ...

  8. Factor market - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_market

    The units of labor are on the horizontal axis and the price of labor, w (the wage rate) on the vertical axis. The price of labor and the quantity of labor demanded are inversely related. If the price of labor goes up the quantity of labor demanded goes down. [20] This change is reflected in a movement along the demand curve.

  9. Iron law of wages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_law_of_wages

    Marx also noted that the foundation of what he called "modern political economy" needs, for the theory of value, only for wages to be a given magnitude. He did so in praising the Physiocrats. [15] The French Anarchist and Revolutionary Syndicalist Émile Pouget also criticised the alleged iron law stating that “It isn’t even a law of rubber ...