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  2. Labour supply - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_supply

    From a Marxist perspective, a labour supply is a core requirement in a capitalist society.To avoid labour shortage and ensure a labour supply, a large portion of the population must not possess sources of self-provisioning, which would let them be independent—and they must instead, to survive, be compelled to sell their labour for a subsistence wage.

  3. Backward bending supply curve of labour - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backward_bending_supply...

    The labour supply curve shows how changes in real wage rates might affect the number of hours worked by employees.. In economics, a backward-bending supply curve of labour, or backward-bending labour supply curve, is a graphical device showing a situation in which as real (inflation-corrected) wages increase beyond a certain level, people will substitute time previously devoted for paid work ...

  4. Utilization management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilization_management

    Utilization management is "a set of techniques used by or on behalf of purchasers of health care benefits to manage health care costs by influencing patient care decision-making through case-by-case assessments of the appropriateness of care prior to its provision," as defined by the Institute of Medicine [1] Committee on Utilization Management by Third Parties (1989; IOM is now the National ...

  5. Labour economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_economics

    The direction of the slope may change more than once for some individuals, and the labour supply curve is different for different individuals. Other variables that affect the labour supply decision, and can be readily incorporated into the model, include taxation, welfare, work environment, and income as a signal of ability or social contribution.

  6. Prior authorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prior_authorization

    After a request comes in from a qualified provider, the request will go through the prior authorization process. The process to obtain prior authorization varies from insurer to insurer but typically involves the completion and faxing of a prior authorization form; according to a 2018 report, 88% are either partially or entirely manual. [5]

  7. Iron law of wages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_law_of_wages

    Marx also noted that the foundation of what he called "modern political economy" needs, for the theory of value, only for wages to be a given magnitude. He did so in praising the Physiocrats. [15] The French Anarchist and Revolutionary Syndicalist Émile Pouget also criticised the alleged iron law stating that “It isn’t even a law of rubber ...

  8. Supply (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_(economics)

    In the labor market, the supply of labor is the amount of time per week, month, or year that individuals are willing to spend working, as a function of the wage rate. In the economic and financial field, the money supply is the amount of highly liquid assets available in the money market , which is either determined or influenced by a country's ...

  9. Means of production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Means_of_production

    In political philosophy, the means of production refers to the generally necessary assets and resources that enable a society to engage in production. [1] While the exact resources encompassed in the term may vary, it is widely agreed to include the classical factors of production (land, labour, and capital) as well as the general infrastructure and capital goods necessary to reproduce stable ...