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  2. Hydrogen ion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_ion

    A hydrogen ion is created when a hydrogen atom loses an electron.A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. [1]

  3. Ion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion

    Ammonia can also lose an electron to gain a positive charge, forming the ion NH + 3. However, this ion is unstable, because it has an incomplete valence shell around the nitrogen atom, making it a very reactive radical ion.

  4. Ionic bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bonding

    When sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) are combined, the sodium atoms each lose an electron, forming cations (Na +), and the chlorine atoms each gain an electron to form anions (Cl −). These ions are then attracted to each other in a 1:1 ratio to form sodium chloride (NaCl). Na + Cl → Na + + Cl − → NaCl

  5. Ionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization

    The electron then interacts with the laser field where it is accelerated away from the nuclear core. If the electron has been ionized at an appropriate phase of the field, it will pass by the position of the remaining ion half a cycle later, where it can free an additional electron by electron impact.

  6. Redox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox

    "Redox" is a portmanteau of the words "REDuction" and "OXidation." The term "redox" was first used in 1928. [6]Oxidation is a process in which a substance loses electrons. Reduction is a process in which a substance gains electr

  7. Oxidation state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state

    An example is the ammonium cation of 8 valence electrons (5 from nitrogen, 4 from hydrogens, minus 1 electron for the cation's positive charge): Drawing Lewis structures with electron pairs as dashes emphasizes the essential equivalence of bond pairs and lone pairs when counting electrons and moving bonds onto atoms.

  8. Ionic radius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_radius

    When an atom loses an electron to form a cation, the other electrons are more attracted to the nucleus, and the radius of the ion gets smaller. Similarly, when an electron is added to an atom, forming an anion, the added electron increases the size of the electron cloud by interelectronic repulsion.

  9. Electric charge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge

    An ion is an atom (or group of atoms) that has lost one or more electrons, giving it a net positive charge (cation), or that has gained one or more electrons, giving it a net negative charge (anion). Monatomic ions are formed from single atoms, while polyatomic ions are formed from two or more atoms that have been bonded together, in each case ...