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  2. Adiabatic process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process

    The adiabatic compression of a gas causes a rise in temperature of the gas. Adiabatic expansion against pressure, or a spring, causes a drop in temperature. In contrast, free expansion is an isothermal process for an ideal gas.

  3. Rüchardt experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rüchardt_Experiment

    The exponent, , with which the expansion of the gas can be calculated by the application of heat is called the isentropic – or adiabatic coefficient. Its value is determined by the Rüchardt experiment. An adiabatic and reversible running state change is isentropic (entropy S remains the same as temperature T changes). The technique is ...

  4. Joule expansion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule_expansion

    The Joule expansion (a subset of free expansion) is an irreversible process in thermodynamics in which a volume of gas is kept in one side of a thermally isolated container (via a small partition), with the other side of the container being evacuated. The partition between the two parts of the container is then opened, and the gas fills the ...

  5. Thermodynamic free energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_free_energy

    In the adiabatic compression of a gas, the absolute heat remained constant but the observed rise in temperature implied that some latent caloric had become "free" or perceptible. During the early 19th century, the concept of perceptible or free caloric began to be referred to as "free heat" or "heat set free".

  6. Ideal gas law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law

    Isotherms of an ideal gas for different temperatures. The curved lines are rectangular hyperbolae of the form y = a/x. They represent the relationship between pressure (on the vertical axis) and volume (on the horizontal axis) for an ideal gas at different temperatures: lines that are farther away from the origin (that is, lines that are nearer to the top right-hand corner of the diagram ...

  7. Thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics

    From the ideal gas law pV=nRT, the volume of such a sample can be used as an indicator of temperature; in this manner it defines temperature. Although pressure is defined mechanically, a pressure-measuring device, called a barometer may also be constructed from a

  8. Heat capacity ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity_ratio

    We assume the expansion occurs without exchange of heat (adiabatic expansion). Doing this work, air inside the cylinder will cool to below the target temperature. To return to the target temperature (still with a free piston), the air must be heated, but is no longer under constant volume, since the piston is free to move as the gas is reheated.

  9. Thermodynamic process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_process

    An adiabatic process is a process in which there is no matter or heat transfer, because a thermally insulating wall separates the system from its surroundings. For the process to be natural, either (a) work must be done on the system at a finite rate, so that the internal energy of the system increases; the entropy of the system increases even ...