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Islamic Golden Age brass astrolabe Brass lectern with an eagle. Attributed to Aert van Tricht, Limburg (Netherlands), c. 1500.. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve different colours and mechanical, electrical, acoustic and chemical properties, [1] but copper typically has the larger proportion, generally 66% copper and 34% zinc.
Copper alloys are metal alloys that have copper as their principal component. They have high resistance against corrosion . Of the large number of different types, the best known traditional types are bronze , where tin is a significant addition, and brass , using zinc instead.
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals (such as phosphorus) or metalloids (such as arsenic or silicon).
Gun metal, also known as red brass in the United States, is a type of bronze – an alloy of copper, tin, and zinc. Proportions vary but 88% copper, 8–10% tin, and 2–4% zinc is an approximation. Originally used chiefly for making guns, it has largely been replaced by steel for that purpose.
Birmabright (magnesium, manganese): used in car bodies, mainly used by Land Rover cars. Devarda's alloy (45% Al, 50% Cu, 5% Zn): chemical reducing agent. Duralumin ; Hiduminium or R.R. alloys (2% copper, iron, nickel): used in aircraft pistons; Hydronalium (up to 12% magnesium, 1% manganese): used in shipbuilding, resists seawater corrosion
Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries. For example, bauxite is used as flux for blast furnaces, while others such as wolframite, pyrolusite, and chromite are used in making ferrous alloys. [3] Important non-ferrous metals include aluminium, copper, lead, tin, titanium, and zinc, and alloys such as brass.
Gilding metal is a form of brass (an alloy of copper and zinc) with a much higher copper content than zinc content. Exact figures range from 95% copper and 5% zinc [1] to “8 parts copper to 1 of zinc” (11% zinc) in British Army Dress Regulations. [2]
Copper was also used for decorative purposes, including architectural ornaments, siding, ceilings or sculptures. One famous example is the Statue of Liberty. Copper alloys used in architecture include bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, and brass, an alloy of copper and zinc.