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The aorta (/ eɪ ˈ ɔːr t ə / ay-OR-tə; pl.: aortas or aortae) is the main and largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart, branching upwards immediately after, and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits at the aortic bifurcation into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries).
Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal.
In many cases, a bicuspid aortic valve will cause no problems. [3] People with BAV may become tired more easily than those with normal valvular function and have difficulty maintaining stamina for cardio-intensive activities due to poor heart performance caused by stress on the aortic wall. [4] [5] [citation needed]
Aortic valve repair or aortic valve reconstruction describes the reconstruction of both form and function of the native and dysfunctioning aortic valve. Most frequently it is applied for the treatment of aortic regurgitation. It can also become necessary for the treatment of aortic aneurysm, or less frequently for congenital aortic stenosis. [8]
Aortic rupture is a rare, extremely dangerous condition that is considered a medical emergency. [1] The most common cause is an abdominal aortic aneurysm that has ruptured spontaneously. Aortic rupture is distinct from aortic dissection , which is a tear through the inner wall of the aorta that can block the flow of blood through the aorta to ...
An aortic aneurysm is an enlargement (dilatation) of the aorta to greater than 1.5 times normal size. [1] Typically, there are no symptoms except when the aneurysm dissects or ruptures , which causes sudden, severe pain in the abdomen and lower back.