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The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed one metre apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 × 10 −7 newtons per metre of length. [13]: 113 [14]
A circular mil is a unit of area, equal to the area of a circle with a diameter of one mil (one thousandth of an inch or 0.0254 mm). It is equal to π /4 square mils or approximately 5.067 × 10 −4 mm 2. It is a unit intended for referring to the area of a wire with a circular cross section.
Electrical codes may restrict the length of a run of some types of flexible conduit. Flexible metallic conduit (FMC, informally called greenfield or flex) is made by the helical coiling of a self-interlocked ribbed strip of aluminum or steel, forming a hollow tube through which wires can be pulled. FMC is used primarily in dry areas where it ...
Electrical length is defined for conductors carrying alternating current (AC) at a single frequency or narrow band of frequencies. An alternating electric current of a single frequency is an oscillating sine wave which repeats with a period of = /. [5]
Aluminum alloys used for electrical conductors are only approximately 61% as conductive as copper of the same cross-section, but aluminum's density is 30.5% that of copper. Accordingly, one pound of aluminum has the same current carrying capacity as two pounds of copper. [ 3 ]
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Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. [1] " Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number (for example – 2-inch nominal steel pipe" consists of many varieties of steel pipe with the only criterion being a 2.375-inch (60.3 mm) outside ...
(E.g. 1 mm diameter wire is ≈18 AWG, 2 mm diameter wire is ≈12 AWG, and 4 mm diameter wire is ≈6 AWG.) This quadruples the cross-sectional area and conductance. A decrease of ten gauge numbers (E.g. from 24 AWG to 14 AWG) multiplies the area, weight, and conductance by approximately 10.