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The Bruce protocol is a standardized diagnostic test used in the evaluation of cardiac function and physical fitness, developed by American cardiologist Robert A. Bruce. [ 1 ] According to the original Bruce protocol the patient walks on an uphill treadmill in a graded exercise test with electrodes on the chest to monitor.
Angina index will be zero if no pain appears during the exercise, one if the pain is limited to the exercise period but the patient can continue the exercise (typical angina), and two if a limiting pain occurs which is a reason to stop the exercise test. [2] [3] Duke treadmill scores typically range from -25 (highest risk) to +15 (lowest risk).
The treadmill test, employing the modified Bruce protocol, [20] demonstrates a sensitivity range of around 73-90% and a specificity range of around 50-74%. Sensitivity refers to the percentage of individuals with the condition correctly identified by the test, while specificity denotes the percentage of individuals without the condition ...
It was this multistage test, a description of which was first published in 1963, that became known as the Bruce Protocol. In the initial paper, Bruce reported that the test could detect signs of such conditions as angina pectoris, a previous heart attack, or a ventricular aneurysm. Bruce and his colleagues also demonstrated that exercise ...
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With a maximal stress test the level of exercise is increased until the person's heart rate will not increase any higher, despite increased exercise. A fairly accurate estimate of the target heart rate, based on extensive clinical research, can be estimated by the formula 220 beats per minute minus patient's age.
Bruce Springsteen has shed light on his much-debated diet that keeps him “lean and mean” at 75.. The musician, whose classic albums include Born to Run, Nebraska and Born in the USA, is known ...