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  2. Crankcase ventilation system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system

    A properly designed crankcase breather will also be designed in a manner that promotes the scavenging effect, or the creation of suction within the crankcase breather to further aid in the removal of blow-by gases. It is this effect that keeps the crankcase at slightly negative pressure when a properly functioning PCV system is in place. [9]

  3. Crankcase dilution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_dilution

    The way to test the flash point of the oil is to manually take a sample and use a testing kit. When the fuel leaks into the lube oil the chemical makeup is different than the normal lube oil. Another way to test for crankcase dilution is to use a SAW to test the concentration of fuel oil in the crankcase oil. [5] SAW stands for surface acoustic ...

  4. MAP sensor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor

    Thus, a MAP sensor will always read 100 kPa more than a boost sensor measuring the same conditions. A MAP sensor will never display a negative reading because it is measuring absolute pressure, where zero is the total absence of pressure. Vacuum is measured as a negative pressure relative to normal atmospheric pressure. Vacuum-Boost sensors can ...

  5. Oil pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pressure

    Murphy oil pressure gauges with switches that activate on low pressure. Oil pressure is an important factor in the longevity of most internal combustion engines. [1] With a forced lubrication system (invented by Frederick Lanchester), oil is picked up by a positive displacement oil pump and forced through oil galleries (passageways) into bearings, such as the main bearings, big end bearings ...

  6. Manifold vacuum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifold_vacuum

    Manifold vacuum, or engine vacuum in a petrol engine is the difference in air pressure between the engine's intake manifold and Earth's atmosphere.. Manifold vacuum is an effect of a piston's movement on the induction stroke and the airflow through a throttle in the intervening carburetor or throttle body leading to the intake manifold.

  7. Crankcase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase

    A crankcase is the housing in a piston engine that surrounds the crankshaft. In most modern engines, the crankcase is integrated into the engine block. Two-stroke engines typically use a crankcase-compression design, resulting in the fuel/air mixture passing through the crankcase before entering the cylinder(s). This design of the engine does ...

  8. Reed valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed_valve

    The resulting pressure differential opens the valve and the fuel-air mixture flows into the crankcase. As the piston descends, it raises the crankcase pressure causing the valve to close to retain the mixture and pressurize it for its eventual transfer through to the combustion chamber. [1]

  9. Dry sump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_sump

    Therefore, an inverted V engine would have a minimum of two scavenge pumps and a pressure pump in the pump stack. Dry sump systems may optionally be designed to keep the engine's crankcase at lower than atmospheric pressure (vacuum), by sealing the crankcase and allowing the scavenge pumps to draw out both oil and gases.