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The Chicago Manual of Style (abbreviated as CMOS, TCM, or CMS, or sometimes as Chicago [1]) is a style guide for American English published since 1906 by the University of Chicago Press. Its 18 editions (the most recent in 2024) have prescribed writing and citation styles widely used in publishing.
The Chicago Manual of Style discourages writers from writing all-numeric dates, other than the year-month-date format advocated by ISO 8601, as it is not comprehensible to readers outside the United States. [5] [6] The day-month-year order has been increasing in usage since the early 1980s.
When the note system is used for source citations, two different systems of note marking and placement are needed—in Chicago Style, for instance, "the citation notes should be numbered and appear as endnotes. The substantive notes, indicated by asterisks and other symbols, appear as footnotes" ("Chicago Manual of Style" 2003, 16.63–64 ...
Forms of short citations used include author-date referencing (APA style, Harvard style, or Chicago style), and author-title or author-page referencing (MLA style or Chicago style). As before, the list of footnotes is automatically generated in a "Notes" or "Footnotes" section, which immediately precedes the "References" section containing the ...
The work is often referred to as "Turabian" (after the work's original author, Kate L. Turabian) or by the shortened title, A Manual for Writers. [1] The style and formatting of academic works, described within the manual, is commonly referred to as "Turabian style" or "Chicago style" (being based on that of The Chicago Manual of Style).
Corporate publications typically follow either the AP style guide or the equally respected Chicago Manual of Style, often with entries that are additions or exceptions to the chosen style guide. A classic grammar style guide is The Elements of Style. Together, these two books are referenced more than any other general style book for US third ...
Multiple American style guides, including The Chicago Manual of Style (since 2010), now deprecate "U.S." and recommend "US". For commonality reasons, use US by default when abbreviating, but retain U.S. in American or Canadian English articles in which it is already established, unless there is a good reason to change it.
For any given article, the choice of date format and the choice of national variety of English (see Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Strong national ties to a topic) are independent issues. Articles on topics with strong ties to a particular English-speaking country should generally use the date format most commonly used in that nation.