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Topographic maps are also commonly called contour maps or topo maps. In the United States, where the primary national series is organized by a strict 7.5-minute grid, they are often called or quads or quadrangles. Topographic maps conventionally show topography, or land contours, by means of contour lines.
Existing topographic survey maps, because of their comprehensive and encyclopedic coverage, form the basis for much derived topographic work. Digital Elevation Models, for example, have often been created not from new remote sensing data but from existing paper topographic maps. Many government and private publishers use the artwork (especially ...
Mairie de Loevenich (), from the Topographic Survey of the Rhineland by Tranchot/Müffling, sheet 57 (published 1806/07).. A map series is a group of topographic or thematic charts or maps usually having the same scale and cartographic specifications, and with each sheet appropriately identified by its publisher as belonging to the same series.
The most important purpose of the political map is to show territorial borders; the purpose of the physical map is to show features of geography such as mountains, soil type, or land use including infrastructures such as roads, railroads, and buildings. Topographic maps show elevations and relief with contour lines or shading.
The National Map is a significant contribution to the U.S. National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) from the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) and currently is being transformed to better serve the geospatial community by providing high quality, integrated geospatial data and improved products and services including new generation ...
The maps are usually named after local physiographic features. The shorthand " quad " is also used, especially with the name of the map; for example, "the Ranger Creek, Texas quad". A quadrangle is defined by north and south boundaries of constant latitude (which are not great circles so are curved), and by east and west boundaries of constant ...
For example, the 1:24,000 scale topographic maps of the United States Geological Survey ... A third type of map is known as an "orienteering," or special purpose map ...
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographical survey maps included contour representation of relief, and so maps that show relief, especially with exact representation of elevation, came to be called topographic maps (or "topo" maps) in the United States, and the usage has spread internationally.