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A tariff is called an optimal tariff if it is set to maximise the welfare of the country imposing the tariff. [73] It is a tariff derived by the intersection between the trade indifference curve of that country and the offer curve of another country.
Tariffs are also imposed in order to raise government revenue, or to reduce an undesirable activity . Although a tariff can simultaneously protect domestic industry and earn government revenue, the goals of protection and revenue maximization suggest different tariff rates, entailing a tradeoff between the two aims.
The Tariff Act of 1789 was the first major piece of legislation passed in the United States after the ratification of the United States Constitution.It had three purposes: to support government, to protect manufacturing industries developing in the nation, and to raise revenue for the federal debt.
The Tariff of 1842 returned the tariff to the level of 1832, with duties averaging between 23% and 35%. The Walker Tariff of 1846 essentially focused on revenue and reversed the trend of substituting specific for ad valorem duties. The Tariff of 1857 reduced the tariff to a general level of 20%, the lowest rate since 1830, and expanded the free ...
The Revenue Act of 1913 reduced the average import tariff rates from approximately 40 percent to approximately 25 percent. [13] The Act established the lowest rates since the Walker Tariff of 1857. Most schedules were ad valorem basis, a percentage of the value of the item. The duty on woolens went from 56% to 18.5%.
Tariffs were the largest source of federal revenue from the 1790s to the eve of World War I until it was surpassed by income taxes. Since the revenue from the tariff was considered essential and easy to collect at the major ports, it was agreed the nation should have a tariff for revenue purposes. [8] [9]
Tariffs have been used for a very long time in the U.S., well before federal income tax, and the federal government does benefit from tariff revenue. Tariffs also can help U.S. companies compete ...
Additionally, 30.1% of federal revenue derived from customs duties, also known as tariffs, levied on imported goods from foreign countries. As per the Census data from 1915, revenues from liquor taxes totaled $224 billion, constituting 66.8% of excise tax revenue, while tobacco taxes amounted to $80 billion, making up 23.8% of excise tax revenue.