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The First Punic War (264–241 BC) was the first of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the early 3rd century BC. For 23 years, in the longest continuous conflict and greatest naval war of antiquity, the two powers struggled for supremacy.
The Punic Wars are also considered to include the four-year-long revolt against Carthage which started in 241 BC. Each war involved immense materiel and human losses on both sides. The First Punic War broke out on the Mediterranean island of Sicily in 264 BC as Rome's expansion began to encroach on Carthage's sphere of influence on the
The Treaty of Lutatius was the agreement between Carthage and Rome of 241 BC (amended in 237 BC), that ended the First Punic War after 23 years of conflict. Most of the fighting during the war took place on, or in the waters around, the island of Sicily and in 241 BC a Carthaginian fleet was defeated by a Roman fleet commanded by Gaius Lutatius Catulus while attempting to lift the blockade of ...
The main source for almost every aspect of the First Punic War [note 1] is the historian Polybius (c. 200 – c.118 BC), a Greek sent to Rome in 167 BC as a hostage. [2] [3] His works include a now-lost manual on military tactics, [4] but he is known today for The Histories, written sometime after 146 BC, or about a century after the Battle of the Aegates.
By stipulating and observing four main treaties, the relationship between Rome and Carthage was one of tolerance for centuries. Carthage and Rome also concluded two treaties to end the First and the Second Punic Wars in 241 BC and 201 BC, when the relationship between the powers had changed considerably. [citation needed]
First Punic War Part of the Punic Wars: Roman Republic: Ancient Carthage: 260 BC 255 BC Second Syrian War Part of the Syrian Wars: Antigonid Macedonia: Ptolemaic Egypt: 245 BC 241 BC Third Syrian War Part of the Syrian Wars: Ptolemaic Kingdom: Seleucid Empire: 240 BC 238 BC Mercenary War: Ancient Carthage: Carthage's mercenary army of the First ...
The First Punic War was fought between the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC: Carthage and Rome. [3] The war lasted for 23 years, from 264 to 241 BC, and was fought primarily on the Mediterranean island of Sicily, its surrounding waters and in North Africa. [3]
Carthaginian written records were destroyed along with their capital, Carthage, in 146 BC and so Polybius's account of the First Punic War is based on several, now-lost, Greek and Latin sources. [9] Polybius was an analytical historian and wherever possible personally interviewed participants in the events he wrote about.