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Other common desiccants include activated charcoal, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, and molecular sieves (typically, zeolites). Desiccants may also be categorized by their type, either I, II, III, IV, or V. These types are a function of the shape of the desiccant's moisture sorption isotherm. Alcohols and acetones are also dehydrating agents.
Desiccation is widely employed in the oil and gas industry. These materials are obtained in a hydrated state, but the water content leads to corrosion or is incompatible with downstream processing. Removal of water is achieved by cryogenic condensation, absorption into glycols, and absorption onto desiccants such as silica gel. [1]
Silica gel's high specific surface area—around 750–800 m 2 /g (230,000–240,000 sq ft/oz) [6] —allows it to adsorb water readily, making it useful as a desiccant (drying agent). Silica gel is often described as "absorbing" moisture, which may be appropriate when the gel's microscopic structure is ignored, as in silica gel packs or other ...
Common desiccants include phosphorus pentoxide and silica gel. Chemists may also require dry glassware for sensitive reactions. This can be achieved by drying glassware in an oven, by flame, or under vacuum. Dry solids can be produced by freeze-drying, which is also known as lyophilization.
Another important use is as a desiccant. They are often utilized in the petrochemical industry for drying gas streams. For example, in the liquid natural gas (LNG) industry, the water content of the gas needs to be reduced to less than 1 ppmv to prevent blockages caused by ice or methane clathrate .
List of desiccants: [1] Activated alumina; Aerogel; Benzophenone (as anion) Bentonite clay; Calcium chloride; Calcium hydride; Calcium oxide; Calcium sulfate (Drierite) Cobalt(II) chloride; Copper(II) sulfate; Lithium chloride; Lithium bromide; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate; Magnesium sulfate; Magnesium perchlorate; Molecular sieve; Phosphorus ...
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Acetone (2-propanone or dimethyl ketone) is an organic compound with the formula (CH 3) 2 CO. [22] It is the simplest and smallest ketone (>C=O).It is a colorless, highly volatile, and flammable liquid with a characteristic pungent odour, very reminiscent of the smell of pear drops.