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MDMA is less addictive than other stimulants such as methamphetamine and cocaine. [105] [106] Compared with amphetamine, MDMA and its metabolite MDA are less reinforcing. [107] One study found approximately 15% of chronic MDMA users met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for substance dependence. [108]
The study found that MDA shared many properties with MDMA including entactogenic and stimulant effects, but generally lasted longer and produced greater increases in psychedelic-like effects like complex imagery, synesthesia, and spiritual experiences.
R)-MDMA likewise showed fewer reinforcing effects than (S)-MDMA in non-human primates. [3] These findings further add to (R)-MDMA showing reduced psychostimulant-like and addictive effects compared to MDMA and (S)-MDMA. [3]
💊MDMA was rejected as a mental health treatment. ... which is an addictive chemical that can have a negative impact on adolescent brains. More research, including the FDA’s review of Juul ...
MDMA-assisted therapy “gets below the symptom level issues to more of the root causes,” says Alan K. Davis, Ph.D., a social work researcher at Ohio State University and director of its Center ...
Amphetamine type stimulants are also known for their addictive property and widespread problem of substance abuse. The adverse effects of ATS, especially when chronically used, include obsessive–compulsive tendencies, anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations, aggression, mania and in extreme cases, amphetamine psychosis.
Research has been conducted, however, and studies show that psychedelics are physiologically safe and rarely lead to addiction. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Studies conducted using psilocybin in a psychotherapeutic setting reveal that psychedelic drugs may assist with treating depression , alcohol addiction , and nicotine addiction .
MDMA does not appear to be significantly addictive or dependence forming. [125] Due to the relative safety of MDMA, some researchers such as David Nutt have criticized the scheduling level, writing a satirical article finding MDMA to be 28 times less dangerous than horseriding, a condition he termed "equasy" or "Equine Addiction Syndrome". [126]