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J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings has been translated, with varying degrees of success, into dozens of languages from the original English. He was critical of some early versions, and made efforts to improve translation by providing a detailed "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings", alongside an appendix "On Translation" in the book itself.
J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings has been translated, with varying degrees of success, many times since its publication in 1954–55. Known translations are listed here; the exact number is hard to determine, for example because the European and Brazilian dialects of Portuguese are sometimes counted separately, as are the Nynorsk and Bokmål forms of Norwegian, and the ...
The Reader's Companion was designed to accompany the revised one-volume 50th anniversary edition of The Lord of the Rings (Houghton Mifflin, 2004; ISBN 0-618-51765-0). It is available in both hardcover and paperback, and not to be confused with Hammond and Scull's similarly named reference book The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide (2006).
He writes in a 1967 letter that while he is pleased that readers are so interested in the names used in The Lord of the Rings, they "often neglect" the evidence he provided in the text and the appendices. [T 5] He mentions that he has written a "commentary on the nomenclature for the use of translators"; and [T 5]
The Lord of the Rings is an epic [1] high fantasy novel [a] written by English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien.Set in Middle-earth, the story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 children's book The Hobbit but eventually developed into a much larger work.
1974 Bilbo's Last Song; 1975 "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings" (edited version) published in A Tolkien Compass by Jared Lobdell.Written by Tolkien for use by translators of The Lord of the Rings, a full version, re-titled "Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings," was published in 2005 in The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull
Tolkien stated in his "Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings" that "barrow-wight" was an "invented name", rather than one like "orc" that existed in Old English. [T 1] [5] He explained further in a lecture on Beowulf that orcneas ("hell-corpses"), the evil monsters born of Cain and leading to the monster Grendel, meant: [T 2]
The story of the Elvish languages as conceived by Tolkien from when he began working on The Lord of the Rings is that they all originated from Primitive Quendian or Quenderin, the proto-language of all the Elves who awoke together in the far east of Middle-earth, Cuiviénen, and began "naturally" to make a language.