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In OCaml, the library function Oo.copy performs shallow copying of an object. In Python, the library's copy module provides shallow copy and deep copy of objects through the copy() and deepcopy() functions, respectively. [13] Programmers may define special methods __copy__() and __deepcopy__() in an object to provide custom copying implementation.
A portion of the code must have global or public access and be designed for use as global/public code. Additional private or protected code can be executed by the main public code. A module must have an initializer function that is equivalent to, or complementary to an object constructor method.
The term assembly (as in .NET languages like C#, F# or Visual Basic .NET) or package (as in Dart, Go or Java) is sometimes used instead of module.In other implementations, these are distinct concepts; in Python a package is a collection of modules, while in Java 9 the introduction of the new module concept (a collection of packages with enhanced access control) was implemented.
For example, a simple linearized object would consist of a length field, a code point identifying the class, and a data value. A more complex example would be a command consisting of the length and code point of the command and values consisting of linearized objects representing the command's parameters.
The bridge pattern is often confused with the adapter pattern, and is often implemented using the object adapter pattern; e.g., in the Java code below. Variant: The implementation can be decoupled even more by deferring the presence of the implementation to the point where the abstraction is utilized.
A change in one module usually forces a ripple effect of changes in other modules. Assembly of modules might require more effort and/or time due to the increased inter-module dependency. A particular module might be harder to reuse and/or test because dependent modules must be included.
For example, if one has a List reference in Java, one cannot invoke clone() on that reference because List specifies no public clone() method. Actual implementations of List like ArrayList and LinkedList all generally have clone() methods themselves, but it is inconvenient and bad abstraction to carry around the actual class type of an object.
This is a list of notable programming languages with features designed for object-oriented programming (OOP). The listed languages are designed with varying degrees of OOP support. Some are highly focused in OOP while others support multiple paradigms including OOP.