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Hepatitis B virus is classified in the genus Orthohepadnavirus, which contains 11 other species. [3] The genus is classified as part of the Hepadnaviridae family, which contains four other genera, Avihepadnavirus, Herpetohepadnavirus, Metahepadnavirus and Parahepadnavirus. [3] This family of viruses is the only member of the viral order ...
A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to convert RNA genome to DNA, a process termed reverse transcription.Reverse transcriptases are used by viruses such as HIV and hepatitis B to replicate their genomes, by retrotransposon mobile genetic elements to proliferate within the host genome, and by eukaryotic cells to extend the telomeres at the ends of their linear chromosomes.
Hepatitis B is the most common cause of viral hepatitis in the world with more than 240 million chronic carriers of the virus, 1 million of whom are in the United States. [30] [105] In approximately two-thirds of patients who develop acute hepatitis B infection, no identifiable exposure is evident. [17]
820,000 resulting from hepatitis B (2019) [1] Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; [1][6] it is a type of viral hepatitis. [7] It can cause both acute and chronic infection. [1] Many people have no symptoms during an initial infection. For others, symptoms may appear 30 to 180 days ...
Infectious diseases, gastroenterology. Viral hepatitis is liver inflammation due to a viral infection. [1][2] It may present in acute form as a recent infection with relatively rapid onset, or in chronic form, typically progressing from a long-lasting asymptomatic condition up to a decompensated hepatic disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Hepadnaviridae[a] is a family of viruses. [2] Humans, apes, and birds serve as natural hosts. There are currently 18 species in this family, divided among 5 genera. [3] Its best-known member is hepatitis B virus. Diseases associated with this family include: liver infections, such as hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinomas (chronic infections ...
Hepatitis A is an infectious disease of the liver caused by Hepatovirus A (HAV); [7] it is a type of viral hepatitis. [8] Many cases have few or no symptoms, especially in the young. [1] The time between infection and symptoms, in those who develop them, is two–six weeks. [2] When symptoms occur, they typically last eight weeks and may ...
HAVCR2. Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAVCR2 (TIM-3) gene. HAVCR2 was first described in 2002 as a cell surface molecule expressed on IFNγ producing CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ Tc1 cells. [5][6] Later, the expression ...