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Shigellosis (Historically the disease usually referred to as Dysentery) is an infection of the intestines caused by Shigella bacteria. [1][3] Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. [1]
Shigella is a genus of bacteria that is Gram negative, facultatively anaerobic, non–spore-forming, nonmotile, rod shaped, and is genetically nested within Escherichia. The genus is named after Kiyoshi Shiga, who discovered it in 1897. [1] Shigella causes disease in primates, but not in other mammals; it is the causative agent of human ...
Shigella evolved with the human expansion out of Africa 50,000 to 200,000 years ago. [30] The seed, leaves, and bark of the kapok tree have been used in traditional medicines by indigenous peoples of the rainforest regions in the Americas, west-central Africa, and Southeast Asia in the treatment of this disease. [31] [32] [33]
Shigella dysenteriae. Shigella dysenteriae is a species of the rod-shaped bacterial genus Shigella. [1] Shigella species can cause shigellosis (bacillary dysentery). Shigellae are Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, nonmotile bacteria. [2] S. dysenteriae has the ability to invade and replicate in various species of ...
Bacterium sonnei Levine 1920. Shigella sonnei is a species of Shigella. [2] Together with Shigella flexneri, it is responsible for 90% of shigellosis cases. [3] Shigella sonnei is named for the Danish bacteriologist Carl Olaf Sonne. [4][5] It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonmotile, non-spore-forming bacterium. [6]
Shiga toxins are a family of related toxins with two major groups, Stx1 and Stx2, expressed by genes considered to be part of the genome of lambdoid prophages. [1] The toxins are named after Kiyoshi Shiga, who first described the bacterial origin of dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae. [2] Shiga-like toxin (SLT) is a historical term for ...
Castellani & Chalmers 1919. Shigella flexneri is a species of Gram-negative bacteria in the genus Shigella that can cause diarrhea in humans. Several different serogroups of Shigella are described; S. flexneri belongs to group B. S. flexneri infections can usually be treated with antibiotics, although some strains have become resistant.
The term is usually restricted to Shigella infections. [2] Shigellosis is caused by one of several types of Shigella bacteria. [3] Three species are associated with bacillary dysentery: Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri and Shigella dysenteriae. [4] A study in China indicated that Shigella flexneri 2a was the most common serotype. [5]