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Roman Pannonia. Fresco depicting the Fall of Adam and Eve in an early Christian crypt in Sopianae (now Pécs). Celtic, Illyrian, Iranian and Dacian tribes inhabited the lands now forming Hungary in classical antiquity. [1] The Romans started the conquest of the tribes of Transdanubia —the western region of present-day Hungary—in 35 BC. [2]
Religion in Hungary is varied, with Christianity being the largest religion. In the national census of 2022, 42.5% of the population identified themselves as Christians, of whom 29.2% were adherents of Catholicism (27.5% following the Roman Rite, and 1.7% the Greek Rite), 9.8% of Calvinism, 1.8% of Lutheranism, 0.2% of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, and 1.5% of other Christian denominations.
Hungarian Catholics, like elsewhere, are part of the worldwide Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. According to a 2019 survey by Eurobarometer, 62% of Hungarians consider themselves Catholics. The Latin Church in the country is divided into 12 dioceses, including 4 archdioceses.
The modern Hungarian Reformed Church was born there at the Debrecen Synod of 1881. The internal hierarchy and the synodal-presbyterian system of the Reformed Church remains nearly unchanged from that time. After World War I, the Treaty of Trianon in 1920 greatly altered the Hungarian Reformed Church.
Hungary. The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom around the year 1000; [8] his family (the Árpád dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years.
The Kingdom of Hungary was a Central European regional power, encompassing about 320,000 km 2 (120,000 sq mi) of land in the 15th century. It was a composite monarchy: the Hungarian kings also ruled Croatia, and two provinces, Transylvania (in the east) and Slavonia (in the southwest), had their own peculiar administrative systems. [30]
The history of religious freedom in Hungary has varied, with freedom of religion first recognized in 1919 before being restricted by Communist rule in the mid-20th century. Religious rights were restored following the end of Communism in Hungary, but the government under Viktor Orbán has been criticized for its restriction of religious freedoms.
The Istro-Romanians were counted as Romanians. In the Kingdom of Hungary (Transleithania), the 1910 census was based on mother tongue. [7][8][9][10] According to the census, 54.4% of the inhabitants of Hungary were recorded to speak Hungarian as their native language. [7] This number included the Jewish ethnic group (around 5% of the population ...