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These estimates are applicable to an array of satellites orbiting the Earth. For space vehicles or space stations, the range of communications is estimated to increase up to 10,000 km (6,200 mi). [83] This approach to secure space-to-space communications was selected by Laser Focus World as one of the top photonics developments of 2015. [84]
APOLLO shooting a laser at the Moon. The laser pulse is reflected from the retroreflectors on the Moon (see below) and returned to the telescope. The round-trip time tells the distance to the Moon to great accuracy. In this picture the Moon is very over-exposed, needed to make the laser beam visible. Apollo 15 Lunar Ranging Retro-Reflector (LRRR).
Liquid helium-cooled, unused today. F-center laser 2.3-3.3 μm Ion laser Spectroscopy Optically pumped semiconductor laser 920 nm-1.35 μm Laser diode Projection, life sciences, forensic analysis, spectroscopy, eye surgery, laser light shows. The lasing medium is a semiconductor chip.
The reflected light is too weak to see with the human eye. Out of a pulse of 3×10 17 photons [25] aimed at the reflector, only about 1–5 are received back on Earth, even under good conditions. [26] They can be identified as originating from the laser because the laser is highly monochromatic.
Space-based X-ray lasers pumped by nuclear explosions have also been proposed as antimissile weapons. [98] [99] Such devices would be one-shot weapons. Living cells have been used to produce laser light. [100] [101] The cells were genetically engineered to produce green fluorescent protein, which served as the laser's gain medium. The cells ...
The Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) is a NASA mission that will test laser communication in space for extremely long distances, [1] between Earth and geosynchronous orbit. After being integrated into STPSat-6 , a part of STP-3 , LCRD launched on 7 December 2021 on an Atlas V 551.
Satellite laser ranging (SLR) is a method to measure the distance to satellites in a geocentric orbit. It consists of an astronomical observatory equipped with a laser that sends ultrashort pulses of light. The pulses hit the satellite and bounce back to be caught by the station, which measure the round trip time with the speed of light formula ...
The oldest form of astronomy, optical or visible-light astronomy, observes wavelengths of light from approximately 400 to 700 nm. [149] Positioning an optical telescope in space eliminates the distortions and limitations that hamper that ground-based optical telescopes (see Astronomical seeing ), providing higher resolution images.