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Trajectory and pattern of US 3-inch (76 mm) Shrapnel shell of WWI era. The other factor was the trajectory. The shrapnel bullets were typically lethal for about 300 yards (270 m) from normal field guns after bursting and over 400 yards (370 m) from heavy field guns.
"New pattern" 72-inch barrel and breech The gun incorporated some advanced features for its day. It was one of the first breech-loaders: shell and gunpowder propellant were loaded through the gunner's end of the barrel, rather than through the muzzle as in previous guns, allowing a higher rate of fire.
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The US Army wished to examine and adopt a split-trail carriage, which would allow a higher elevation for indirect fire and dropping shells into trenches. [2] This carriage type was used on the prototype 3-inch model of 1913, which was later designated the 3-inch gun M1916 after a major carriage redesign, prompted by field trials of the M1913.
3.8-inch Gun, Models of 1904 and 1907 Similar to the 3-inch gun, but scaled up with a significantly longer barrel - 111.25 inches (2.826 m) overall gun body length instead of 87.8 inches (2.23 m) - in a larger caliber, with a lengthened recoil - 58.5 inches (1.49 m) instead of 45 inches (1.1 m) - as well as with a different extractor.
The 3-inch rifle could hurl a shell 4,180 yd (3,822 m) at 16° elevation. [14] Unlike a smoothbore cannon, the 3-inch rifle's projectile retained two-thirds of its muzzle velocity at 1,500 yd (1,372 m) – or 839 ft/s (256 m/s) – so that its rifled projectile was invisible in flight.
A 46 cm (18 in) Sanshiki shell displayed at the Yamato Museum The explosion of a 46 cm (18 in) San Shikidan incendiary anti-aircraft shell. San-shiki-dan (三式弾, "Type 3 shell") was a World War II-era combined shrapnel and incendiary anti-aircraft round used by the Imperial Japanese Navy. They were supposedly referred to as Beehive rounds ...
The 16-pounder used three types of ammunition – Common shell (for use against buildings or fortifications), shrapnel shell (for use any Infantry or Cavalry) and case shot (for close range use against 'soft' targets. Ignition was through a copper lined vent at the breech end of the gun.