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Map of the Arctic region showing the bathymetry and the Northeast Passage, the Northern Sea Route within it, and the Northwest Passage. [1]Arctic shipping routes are the maritime paths used by vessels to navigate through parts or the entirety of the Arctic.
A sea lane, sea road or shipping lane is a regularly used navigable route for large water vessels on wide waterways such as oceans and large lakes, and is preferably safe, direct and economic. During the Age of Sail , they were determined by the distribution of land masses but also by the prevailing winds , whose discovery was crucial for the ...
The oldest sailing directions, dating back to the middle ages, descended directly from the Greek and Roman periplii: in classical times, in the absence of real nautical charts, navigation was carried out using books that described the coast, not necessarily intended for navigation, but more often consisting of reports of previous voyages, or celebrations of the deeds of leaders or rulers.
Ships using the route can avoid some of the bad weather in the open ocean and may visit some of the many isolated communities along the route. The Inside Passage is heavily travelled by cruise ships , freighters , tugs with tows, fishing craft, pleasure craft, and ships of the Alaska Marine Highway , BC Ferries , and Washington State Ferries ...
The clipper route fell into commercial disuse with the introduction of marine steam engines, and the opening of the Suez and Panama Canals. It remains the fastest sailing route around the world, and has been the route for several prominent yacht races, such as the Velux 5 Oceans Race and the Vendée Globe.
Although his chosen east–west route, via the Rae Strait, contained young ice and thus was navigable, some of the waterways were extremely shallow (3 ft (0.91 m) deep), making the route commercially impractical. Two maps of arctic regions published in 1856 on a single sheet as part of The Royal Illustrated Atlas of Modern Geography
Because of the prevailing winds at Suez, the canal is less suitable for sailing boats, so steamships got a competitive advantage when the canal opened. While the Cape Route remained useful for clippers for some decades, the opening of the canal was the beginning of the end of the Cape Route, as well as the Age of Sail as a whole.
The term "portolan chart" was coined in the 1890s because at the time it was assumed that these maps were related to portolani, medieval or early modern books of sailing directions. [2] Other names that have been proposed include rhumb line charts, compass charts or loxodromic charts [ 3 ] whereas modern French scholars prefer to call them ...