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Proteus syndrome is a rare genetic disorder [1] that can cause tissue overgrowth involving all three embryonic lineages. Patients with Proteus syndrome tend to have an increased risk of embryonic tumor development. [2] The clinical symptoms and radiographic findings of Proteus syndrome are highly variable, as are its orthopedic manifestations ...
Children with some overgrowth syndromes such as Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome can be readily detectable at birth. [3] In contrast, other overgrowth syndromes such as Proteus syndrome usually present in the postnatal period, characteristically between the second and third year of life. [2]
Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome; Other names: BRRS: Autosomal dominant is the manner in which this condition is inherited: Specialty: Oncology, medical genetics Symptoms: Enlarged head [1] Causes: Mutations in the PTEN gene [2] Diagnostic method: Based on signs and symptoms [3] Treatment: Based on symptoms [3]
CLOVES syndrome affects people with various symptoms, ranging from mild fatty soft-tissue tumors to vascular malformations encompassing the spine or internal organs. It is a genetic disorder that results from somatic, mosaic gain-of-function mutations of the PIK3CA gene, and belongs to the spectrum of PIK3CA -related overgrowth syndromes (PROS).
In NF1, symptoms are often present at birth or develop before 10 years of age. [1] While the condition typically worsens with time, most people with NF1 have a normal life expectancy. [1] In NF2, symptoms may not become apparent until early adulthood. [1] NF2 increases the risk of early death. [1]
Mutations in the NSD1 gene may also be another cause for confusion. The NSD1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in normal growth and development. Deletions and mutations in the NSD1 gene is a common cause for patients with Sotos syndrome and in some cases for Weaver syndrome as well. [6]
Jeune syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the way a child's cartilage and bones develop. It begins before the child is born and primarily affects the child's rib cage, pelvis, arms and legs. [5] Usually, problems with the rib cage cause the most serious health problems for children with Jeune syndrome.
The lack of severe symptoms in the parents may be the cause of failure in recognizing the disorder. The optimal time to be tested for mutations is prior to having children. The disorder results from a genetic mutation, and this gene has been found to spontaneously mutate. Therefore, there may be no prevention techniques available.