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Four Confidences" [1] (Chinese: 四个自信) is a political concept by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary Xi Jinping. [1] [2] The concept includes "Confidence in Path, [a] Confidence in Theories, [b] Confidence in System, [c] and Confidence in Culture." [d] [3] [4] [5] In 2021, the concept was expanded to include the idea of ...
Zhao Tingyang and Yan Xin. 2008. The Self and the Other: An Unanswered Question in Confucian Theory. Frontiers of Philosophy in China 3, (2): 163-176; Zhao Tingyang. 2009. Ontology of Coexistence. Diogenes 228, (4): 35-49; Zhao Tingyang. 2009. A Political World Philosophy in terms of All-under-Heaven (tian-xia). Diogenes 56, (1): 5–18, 140 ...
Maoism–Third Worldism (MTW) is a broad tendency which is mainly concerned with the infusion and synthesis of Marxism—particularly of the Marxist–Leninist–Maoist persuasion—with concepts of non-Marxist Third Worldism, namely dependency theory and world-systems theory. There is no general consensus on part of Maoist–Third Worldists as ...
The comprador in nineteenth century China: bridge between East and West (Harvard UP. 1970) online. Heijdra, Martin J. "The socioeconomic development of rural China during the Ming," in The Cambridge History of China Volume 8 The Ming Dynasty, 1368 - 1644, Part 2 edited by Denis Twitchett and Frederick W. Mote (1998) pp 417–578. Hung, Ho-fung.
A world-system is a socioeconomic system, under systems theory, that encompasses part or all of the globe, detailing the aggregate structural result of the sum of the interactions between polities. World-systems are usually larger than single states , but do not have to be global.
In the 1980s, it became evident to Chinese economists that the Marxist theory of the law of value—understood as the expression of the labor theory of value—could not serve as the basis of China's pricing system. [18] They concluded that Marx never intended his theory of law of value to work "as an expression of 'concretized labor time ' ". [18]
Deng Xiaoping Theory is a product of the integration of the basic theory of Marxism-Leninism with the practice of modern China and the characteristics of the present era, the inheritance and development of Mao Zedong Thought under new historical conditions, a new stage of the development of Marxism in China, Marxism of modern China, and the ...
World-systems theory (also known as world-systems analysis or the world-systems perspective) [3] is a multidisciplinary approach to world history and social change which emphasizes the world-system (and not nation states) as the primary (but not exclusive) unit of social analysis. [3]