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Rapidly decreasing the dose may result in opioid withdrawal. [7] Generally, use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is not recommended. [11] Hydromorphone is believed to work by activating opioid receptors, mainly in the brain and spinal cord. [7] Hydromorphone 2 mg IV is equivalent to approximately 10 mg morphine IV. [9] Hydromorphone was ...
An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [1]
In a hospital setting, an intravenous PCA (IV PCA) refers to an electronically controlled infusion pump that delivers an amount of analgesic when the patient presses a button. [4] IV PCA can be used for both acute and chronic pain patients. It is commonly used for post-operative pain management, and for end-stage cancer patients. [5]
This is the list of Schedule IV controlled substances in the United States as defined by the Controlled Substances Act. [1] The following findings are required for substances to be placed in this schedule: [2] The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III.
Diacetyldihydromorphine (also known as Paralaudin, dihydroheroin, acetylmorphinol) is a potent opiate derivative developed in Germany in 1928 which is rarely used in some countries for the treatment of severe pain such as that caused by terminal cancer, as another form of diacetylmorphine (also commonly known as Heroin).
Intravenous anesthetic agents are titrated at safe doses to maintain stage III surgical anesthesia (unconsciousness, amnesia, immobility, and absence of response to noxious stimulation). [10] The use of TIVA is advantageous in cases where volatile anesthesia is of high risk or is impossible, such as cases involving morbidly obese patients.
As of 2024, the prescribing information for OxyContin still specifies a 12-hour dosing schedule as the only option; it also states, "there are no well-controlled clinical studies evaluating the safety and efficacy with dosing more frequently than every 12 hours." [100] [101]
It has similar effects to morphine such as sedation, analgesia and respiratory depression, but is twice as potent as morphine [2] and has a steeper dose-response curve and longer half-life. [4] It is used in medicine as the bitartrate salt (free base conversion ratio 0.643, molecular weight 471.5) and hydrochloride (free base conversion ratio 0 ...