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Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 O 2.In its pure form, it is a very pale blue [5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water.It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use.
In chemistry, the mesomeric effect (or resonance effect) is a property of substituents or functional groups in a chemical compound. It is defined as the polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two pi bonds or between a pi bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom. [ 1 ]
It is often used in conjunction with oxygen and hydrogen peroxide to eliminate the need for chlorine-containing compounds in the manufacture of high-quality, white paper. [156] Ozone can be used to detoxify cyanide wastes (for example from gold and silver mining) by oxidizing cyanide to cyanate and eventually to carbon dioxide. [157]
Contributing structures of the carbonate ion. In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, [1] also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond theory.
Skeletal formulae of 1-hydroxy-2()-pyridinethione and its tautomer. The hydroxyl radical, • HO, is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion (HO –).Hydroxyl radicals are highly reactive and consequently short-lived; however, they form an important part of radical chemistry.
One of the most important ways of assessing a conjugate base's ability to distribute negative charge is using resonance. Electron withdrawing groups (which can stabilize the molecule by increasing charge distribution) or electron donating groups (which destabilize by decreasing charge distribution) present on a molecule also determine its p K a .
Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) can be produced by passing a volume of 96% to 98% hydrogen and 2 to 4% oxygen through an electric discharge. [7] A more commercially-viable method is to allow autoxidation of an organic intermediate, 2-ethylanthrahydroquinone dissolved in an organic solvent, to oxidize to H 2 O 2 and 2-ethylanthraquinone. [7]
Neutral dihydrogen polyoxides containing up to five oxygen atoms have been produced experimentally. Water (H 2 O) is the most common hydrogen polyoxide, occurring widely on Earth's surface. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) is a common disinfectant and readily decomposes to form water and oxygen.