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In contrast to many other mollusc classes, aplacophorans have no shell, and are instead covered by aragonitic sclerites (calcareous spicules), which can be solid or hollow.. These spicules can be arranged perpendicular to one another within the cuticle to form a skeleton, stick up to form a palisade, or can lie flat against the cutic
Chiton phylogeny has gone relatively underexplored compared to the more charismatic classes of molluscs, and as such is still somewhat poorly understood. The relationships between orders and superfamilies has been made clear thanks to phylogenomics, [ 42 ] [ 43 ] but interfamilial relationships are still largely unknown because of the lack of ...
Water is the medium of the oceans, the medium which carries all the substances and elements involved in the marine biogeochemical cycles. Water as found in nature almost always includes dissolved substances, so water has been described as the "universal solvent" for its ability to dissolve so many substances.
This effect was evident as the concentration of the algae were found to reduce dramatically after the occurrence of LC as observed from ocean color satellite imagery during the period of the study. Such aggregation of negatively buoyant macroalgae on sea floor is similar to windrows of positively buoyant particles on water surface due to LC.
Aplacophora / æ p l ə ˈ k ɒ f ər ə / is a possibly paraphyletic taxon. This is a class of small, deep-water, exclusively benthic, marine molluscs found in all oceans of the world. [1]
In 2006 a molecular study on Laevipilina antarctica suggested that extant Monoplacophora and Polyplacophora form a well-supported clade with the researched Neopilina closest to the chitons. [6] The two classes in this new clade, with the proposed name Serialia, all show a variable number of serially repeated gills and eight sets of dorsoventral ...
A typical example of a ciliated microorganism is the Paramecium, a one-celled, ciliated protozoan covered by thousands of cilia. The cilia beating together allow the Paramecium to propel through the water at speeds of 500 micrometers per second. [48] Flagellate, ciliates and amoeba
A mixed model, mixed-effects model or mixed error-component model is a statistical model containing both fixed effects and random effects. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] These models are useful in a wide variety of disciplines in the physical, biological and social sciences.