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Nondualism includes a number of philosophical and spiritual traditions that emphasize the absence of fundamental duality or separation in existence. [1] This viewpoint questions the boundaries conventionally imposed between self and other, mind and body, observer and observed, [2] and other dichotomies that shape our perception of reality.
Vishishta Advaita, meaning "non-duality with distinctions", is a non-dualistic philosophy that recognizes Brahman as the supreme reality while also acknowledging its multiplicity. This philosophy can be characterized as a form of qualified monism, attributive monism, or qualified non-dualism. It upholds the belief that all diversity ultimately ...
Shuddadvaita (Sanskrit: śuddhādvaita "pure non-dualism") is the "purely non-dual" philosophy propounded by the Hindu philosopher Vallabha (1479-1531 CE), the founder of Puṣṭimārga ("The path of grace"), a Vaishnava tradition focused on the worship of the deity Krishna. Vallabhacharya's pure form philosophy is different from Advaita
Dualism is the view that reality is, broadly speaking, made up of two distinct substances or properties: physical substances/properties and mental substances/properties. Neutral monism, in contrast, takes both mind and matter to supervene on a neutral third substance, which is neither mental nor physical.
In this practice of 'non-contact' (a-sparśa), the mind is controlled and brought to rest, and does not create "things" (appearances) after which it grasps; it becomes non-dual, free from the subject-[grasping]-object dualism. [187] [50] Knowing that only Atman/Brahman is real, the creations of the mind are seen as false appearances (MK III.31-33).
Dualism in Indian philosophy is a belief, or large spectrum of beliefs, held by certain schools of Indian philosophy that reality is fundamentally composed of two parts or two types of existence. This mainly takes the form of either mind-matter dualism, as in some strands of Buddhist philosophy , or consciousness-nonconsciousness dualism in the ...
It is used fancifully in discussions of symbolic logic, particularly Gödel's incompleteness theorems, to indicate a question whose "answer" is to either un-ask the question, indicate the question is fundamentally flawed, or reject the premise that a dualistic answer can be given.
The Prajnāpāramitā Sūtras and Mādhyamaka philosophy emphasized the non-duality of form and emptiness: "form is emptiness, emptiness is form", as it's written in the Heart Sutra. [45] The idea that the ultimate reality is present in the daily world of relative reality fitted into the Chinese culture, which emphasized the mundane world and ...