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A weaker flour, such as a cake or pastry flour with a much lower gluten content would have a much steeper decline after peak time. The points of interest on the graph are fivefold: Arrival Time (Absorption) – Absorption is the point chosen by the baking industry which represents a target water to flour ratio in bread .
Cooked, long-grain brown rice is 70% water, 26% carbohydrates, 3% protein, and 1% fat. In a reference amount of 100 grams (3.5 oz), cooked brown rice supplies 123 calories of food energy, and is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of manganese (36% DV) and moderate source (11-17% DV) of magnesium, phosphorus, niacin, and thiamine.
[7] [8] The bran in brown rice contains significant dietary fiber and the germ contains many vitamins and minerals. [9] Typically, 100 grams of uncooked rice produces around 240 to 260 grams of cooked grains, the difference in weight being due to absorbed cooking water.
This is an easily verified indicator for the fraction of the whole grain remains in the flour, because the mineral content of the starchy endosperm is much lower than that of the outer parts of the grain. Flour made from all parts of the grain (extraction rate: 100%) leaves about 2 grams (0.071 oz) ash or more per 100 grams (3.5 oz) dry flour ...
[3] Bread flour or strong flour is always made from hard wheat, usually hard spring wheat. It has a very high protein content, between 10% and 13%, making it excellent for yeast bread baking. It can be white or whole wheat or in between. [3] Cake flour is a finely milled white flour made from soft wheat.
Oryza sativa, having the common name Asian cultivated rice, [2] is the much more common of the two rice species cultivated as a cereal, the other species being O. glaberrima, African rice. It was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago. [3] [4] [5] [6]
Semolina is the name given to roughly milled durum wheat mainly used in making pasta [3] and sweet puddings. The term semolina is also used to designate coarse millings of other varieties of wheat, and sometimes other grains (such as rice or maize) as well.
[5] [6] [7] These properties, and its relatively low cost, make gluten valuable to both food and non-food industries. [7] Wheat gluten is composed of mainly two types of proteins: the glutenins [8] and the gliadins, [9] which in turn can be divided into high molecular and low molecular glutenins and α/β, γ and Ω gliadins.