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John Stewart MacArthur developed the cyanide process for gold extraction in 1887. The expansion of gold mining in the Rand of South Africa began to slow down in the 1880s, as the new deposits found tended to contain pyritic ore. The gold could not be extracted from this compound with any of the then available chemical processes or technologies. [5]
In gold mining, KCN forms the water-soluble salt potassium gold cyanide (or gold potassium cyanide) and potassium hydroxide from gold metal in the presence of oxygen (usually from the surrounding air) and water: 4 Au + 8 KCN + O 2 + 2 H 2 O → 4 K[Au(CN) 2] + 4 KOH. A similar process uses NaCN to produce sodium gold cyanide (NaAu(CN 2)).
It is the binary cyanide of gold(I). It is an odourless, tasteless yellow solid. [4] Wet gold(I) cyanide is unstable to light and will become greenish. [4] Gold(I) cyanide itself is only of academic interest, but its derivative dicyanoaurate is an intermediate in gold cyanidation, the extraction of gold from its ores. [5]
The Merrill–Crowe Process is a separation technique for removing gold from the solution obtained by the cyanide leaching of gold ores. It is an improvement of the MacArthur-Forrest process, where an additional vacuum is managed to remove air in the solution (invention of Crowe), and zinc dust is used instead of zinc shavings (improvement of Merrill).
Cyanide leaching "heap" at a gold mining operation near Elko, Nevada. On top of the large mounds of ore, are sprinklers dispensing a solution of cyanide. Gold extraction is the extraction of gold from dilute ores using a combination of chemical processes. Gold mining produces about 3600 tons annually, [1] and another 300 tons is produced from ...
Potassium dicyanoaurate (or potassium gold cyanide) is an inorganic compound with formula K[Au 2]. It is a colorless to white solid that is soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. The salt itself is often not isolated, but solutions of the dicyanoaurate ion ([Au(CN) 2] −) are generated on a large scale in the extraction of gold from ...
Cyanide leaching "heap" at a gold mining operation near Elko, Nevada. On top of the large mounds of ore, are sprinklers dispensing a solution of cyanide. The dominant method for refining gold is a cyanide extraction method, or gold cyanidation, introduced in the late 1800s. This a metallurgical technique used to extract gold from lower grade ...
Fairbank's Gold Dust washing products was a line of all-purpose cleaning agents researched and developed by the N. K. Fairbank Manufacturing Company. First introduced to the American consumer in 1889, Gold Dust Washing Powder became a success due in large part to its low selling price and bright, eye-catching packaging.