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Deforestation in Madagascar is an ongoing environmental issue. Deforestation [ 1 ] creates agricultural or pastoral land but can also result in desertification , water resource degradation , biodiversity erosion and habitat loss, and soil loss .
The Madagascar dry deciduous forests represent a tropical dry forest ecoregion situated in the western and northern part of Madagascar. The area has high numbers of endemic plant and animal species but has suffered large-scale clearance for agriculture.
This is the area with the highest level of plant endemism in Madagascar, with 48% of the genera and 95% of the species endemic. [2] Many constituent plants show extreme adaptations to drought. Spiny plants of the endemic subfamily Didiereoideae form a conspicuous component, especially towards the east.
Deforestation, [30] with resulting desertification, water resource degradation, and soil loss has affected approximately 94% of Madagascar's previously biologically productive lands. Since the arrival of humans 2000 years ago, Madagascar has lost more than 90% of its original forest. [31]
Madagascar Eastern Highlands includes the middle and upper catchments of Madagascar's eastern coastal rivers. [ 4 ] Northwestern Madagascar encompasses the westward-flowing drainage basins from the northern tip of Madagascar to the Mahavavy du Sud River, including the Mananjeba , North Mahavavy (Mahavavy du Nord), Sambirano , Ankofia , Sofia ...
A critically endangered habitat, Anjajavy's Protected Area is a rare and precious dry deciduous forest. Madagascar is a botanical paradise, with more than 13,000 indigenous species including 900 orchid varieties, 200 palm tree species and 130 species of aloes.
The Madagascar succulent woodlands are a xeric shrublands ecoregion in southwestern and central western Madagascar.Native plants survive in the arid climate and long dry season with adaptations like succulent leaves, water storing trunks, photosynthetic stems, and dropping leaves during the dry season.
Desertification is a gradual process of increased soil aridity.Desertification has been defined in the text of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) as "land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities."