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This is a list of heads of state of Finland; that is, the kings of Sweden with regents and viceroys of the Kalmar Union, the grand dukes of Finland, a title used by most Swedish monarchs and Russian emperors, up to the two-year regency following the independence in 1917, with a brief flirtation with a truly domestic monarchy.
In 1742, following the Russian occupation of Finland in the Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) and vague promises of making the country independent, the four estates gathered in Turku and decided to ask Empress Elizabeth of Russia if the then Duke Peter of Holstein-Gottorp, grand-nephew of the late king Charles XII of Sweden, could be proclaimed as the King of Finland.
This article serves as an index – as complete as possible – of all the honorific orders or similar decorations awarded by Finland, classified by Monarchies chapter and Republics chapter, and, under each chapter, recipients' countries and the detailed list of recipients.
Gustaf Mannerheim as regent of Finland (sitting) and his adjutants (from the left) Lt. Col. Lilius, Cap. Kekoni, Lt. Gallen-Kallela, Ensign Rosenbröijer. A regent is a person selected to act as head of state (ruling or not) because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. [1] The following is a list of regents throughout history.
the Kingdom of France ("Bourbon Restoration") (1814–1830) followed by the July Monarchy (Kingdom of France) (1830–1848) the Kingdom of Hanover (1814–1866) the Kingdom of Poland (1815–1867) the Kingdom of Belgium (1830 to present) the Kingdom of Greece (1832–1924 & 1935–1973) the Second French Empire (1852–1870)
At this time, Emperor Napoleon I of France controlled much of continental Europe, and some of his client states were headed by his siblings. The Riksdag decided to choose a king of whom Napoleon would approve. On 21 August 1810, the Riksdag elected Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, a Marshal of France, as heir presumptive to the Swedish throne.
The consorts of Finland were the spouses of the Finnish Monarchs. They used the titles Grand Duchess of Finland, ...
This Old Finland had its main center in Vyborg and it was there that an institutionalized nobility system of Old Finland had its headquarters. With the Peace Treaty of Fredrikshamn in autumn 1809, the Swedish king obliged to cede all of Finland to Russia and he freed Finnish nobles and people from their oaths of fealty. This opened the way to ...