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This is a list of heads of state of Finland; that is, the kings of Sweden with regents and viceroys of the Kalmar Union, the grand dukes of Finland, a title used by most Swedish monarchs and Russian emperors, up to the two-year regency following the independence in 1917, with a brief flirtation with a truly domestic monarchy.
In 1742, following the Russian occupation of Finland in the Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) and vague promises of making the country independent, the four estates gathered in Turku and decided to ask Empress Elizabeth of Russia if the then Duke Peter of Holstein-Gottorp, grand-nephew of the late king Charles XII of Sweden, could be proclaimed as the King of Finland.
This article serves as an index – as complete as possible – of all the honorific orders or similar decorations awarded by Finland, classified by Monarchies chapter and Republics chapter, and, under each chapter, recipients' countries and the detailed list of recipients.
The position of King of Ireland was contested by William III and James II between 1689 and 1691, after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Crown and Parliament Recognition Act 1689 made William King of Ireland, and this was reinforced by his victory at the Battle of the Boyne (part of the Williamite War in Ireland). Anne (1702–1714)
the Kingdom of Finland (1918–1919) the Kingdom of Lithuania (1918) the Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918) the Ukrainian State (1918) the United Baltic Duchy (1918) Monarchies established or re-established during the interbellum period were: [citation needed] the Kingdom of Iceland (1918–1944) the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1945)
Medieval Irish historical tradition held that Ireland had a High King (Ard Rí) based at Tara since ancient times, and compilations like the 11th-century Lebor Gabála Érenn, followed by Early Modern works like the Annals of the Four Masters and Foras Feasa ar Éirinn, purported to trace the line of High Kings.
Kingdom of Finland (1742) Kingdom of Finland (1918) L. List of Finnish royal consorts
In the period when the institution of high kingship existed, Ireland did not conduct much formal international diplomacy. After the Anglo-Norman invasion (1169 and forward), the native kingdoms lost status over time, though, for example, the Kingdom of Tyrconnell maintained occasional international relations and exchanged ambassadors with the ...