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In addition to chemical and physical weathering of hydraulic action, freeze-thaw cycles, and more, there is a suite of processes which have long been considered to contribute significantly to bedrock channel erosion include plucking, abrasion (due to both bedload and suspended load), solution, and cavitation.
Sheetwash or sheet erosion, in which broad sheets of flowing water evenly remove thin layers of surface material without incising channels. [18] [19] Mountain-front retreating by weathering [20] Lateral planation or erosion by a stream [21] Rillwash or rill erosion, in which flow is concentrated in numerous closely spaced minute channels. [19]
Honeycomb weathering – Form of cavernous weathering and subcategory of tafoni; Impact crater – Circular depression in a solid astronomical body formed by the impact of a smaller object; Joint valley – Landscape originates from the erosion of joints in the bedrock, leaving out small plateaus or ridges in between. Common in Fennoscandia.
It is formed by the weathering and erosion of the rock surface. Correspondingly, fluting is the erosional process by which flutes develop on the surface of well-jointed coarse-grained rock, such as granite or gneiss. The includes the formation of small-scale ridges and depressions by wave action. [1]
Residuum is weathered rock that is not transported by erosion, contributing in time to the formation of soil.It is distinguished from other types of parent material in that it is composed solely of mineral, not organic, material, and it remains in place rather than being moved by the action of wind, water, or gravity.
An etchplain is a plain where the bedrock has been subject to considerable "etching" or subsurface weathering.Etchplanation is the process forming etchplains. Contrary to what the name might suggest, etchplains are seldom completely flat and usually display some relief, as weathering of the bedrock does not advance uniformly.
Rock veneers commonly arise from the weathering of resistant rocks of quartzite, felsic granites, coarse granites, and dense basalts.As these larger rocks are deposited on a surface, smaller sands either are removed by wind or water erosion, or settle and form a fine-grained layer beneath the larger veneer rocks.
In geology and geomorphology a pediplain (from the Latin pes, genitive case pedis, meaning "foot") is an extensive plain formed by the coalescence of pediments. [1] The processes through which pediplains forms is known as pediplanation . [ 2 ]